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51 Grafarend, Erik W Optimization and Design of Geodetic Networks I04829 1985 eBook  
52 Ardus, D.A Ocean Resources I04606 1990 eBook  
53 Schertzer, D Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics I04100 1991 eBook  
54 Sabadini, R Glacial Isostasy, Sea-Level and Mantle Rheology I03769 1991 eBook  
55 Jacobs, J. A Geomagnetic Micropulsations I03715 1970 eBook  
56 Dolezalek, H Electrical Processes in Atmospheres I03542 1976 eBook  
57 Cassinis, R Digital Seismology and Fine Modeling of the Lithosphere I03414 1989 eBook  
58 Falke, H The Continental Permain in Central, West, and South Europe I02730 1976 eBook  
59 Brunner, F.K Geodetic Refraction I02665 1984 eBook  
60 Ardus, D.A Ocean Resources I02466 1990 eBook  
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51.    
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TitleOptimization and Design of Geodetic Networks
Author(s)Grafarend, Erik W;Sans??, Fernando
PublicationBerlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985.
DescriptionXVIII, 606 p : online resource
Abstract NoteDuring the period April 25th to May 10th, 1984 the 3rd Course of the International School of Advanced Geodesy entitled "Optimization and Design of Geodetic Networks" took place in Erice. The main subject of the course is clear from the title and consisted mainly of that particular branch of network analysis, which results from applying general concepts of mathematical optimization to the design of geodetic networks. As al?? ways when dealing with optimization problems, there is an a-priori choice of the risk (or gain) function which should be minimized (or maximized) according to the specific interest of the "designer", which might be either of a scientific or of an economic nature or even of both. These aspects have been reviewed in an intro?? ductory lecture in which the particular needs arising in a geodetic context and their analytical representations are examined. Subsequently the main body of the optimization problem, which has been conven?? tionally divided into zero, first, second and third order design problems, is presented. The zero order design deals with the estimability problem, in other words with the definition of which parameters are estimable from a given set of observa?? tions. The problem results from the fact that coordinates of points are not univocally determined from the observations of relative quantities such as angles and distances, whence a problem of the optimal choice of a reference system, the so-called "datum problem" arises
ISBN,Price9783642706592
Keyword(s)1. EBOOK 2. EBOOK - SPRINGER 3. Geographical information systems 4. Geographical Information Systems/Cartography 5. GEOPHYSICS 6. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 7. Geophysics/Geodesy
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52.     
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TitleOcean Resources : Volume II Subsea Work Systems and Technologies
Author(s)Ardus, D.A;Champ, M.A
PublicationDordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 1990.
DescriptionXVI, 240 p : online resource
Abstract NoteOcean engineering is generally considered to be concerned with studies on the effects of the ocean on the land and with the design, construction and operation of vehicles, structures and systems for use in the ocean or marine environment. The practice of engineering differs from that of science in both motivations and objectives. Science seeks understanding of the principles of nature in terms of generalizations expressed as laws and classifications. Engineering seeks the application of knowledge of the physical and natural world to produce a benefit expressed as a device, system, material, and/or process. From the standpoint of the financial sponsors of an engineering project, the ideal approach is one of minimal risk in which only proven knowledge, materials and procedures are employed. There is frequent departure from this ideal in anticipation of the increased benefit expected from a large increase in performance of a structure or device. The process of acquiring this new capability is engineering research. Historically, ocean engineering developed with the application of engineering principles and processes to the design of ships and, later, to the machinery that propels them. In most societies, naval architecture and marine engineering are recognised as the origin of ocean engineering. In fact, the design of a ship constitutes the original systems engineering programme involving hydrodynamics/fluid flow, structural design, machinery design, electrical engineering and so on as well as requiring knowledge of the ocean environment (waves, corrosion, etc.)
ISBN,Price9789400921337
Keyword(s)1. Aquatic ecology?? 2. EBOOK 3. EBOOK - SPRINGER 4. Freshwater & Marine Ecology 5. GEOPHYSICS 6. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 7. Hydrogeology 8. OCEANOGRAPHY
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53.     
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TitleNon-Linear Variability in Geophysics : Scaling and Fractals
Author(s)Schertzer, D;Lovejoy, S
PublicationDordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 1991.
DescriptionX, 318 p : online resource
Abstract Noteconsequences of broken symmetry -here parity-is studied. In this model, turbulence is dominated by a hierarchy of helical (corkscrew) structures. The authors stress the unique features of such pseudo-scalar cascades as well as the extreme nature of the resulting (intermittent) fluctuations. Intermittent turbulent cascades was also the theme of a paper by us in which we show that universality classes exist for continuous cascades (in which an infinite number of cascade steps occur over a finite range of scales). This result is the multiplicative analogue of the familiar central limit theorem for the addition of random variables. Finally, an interesting paper by Pasmanter investigates the scaling associated with anomolous diffusion in a chaotic tidal basin model involving a small number of degrees of freedom. Although the statistical literature is replete with techniques for dealing with those random processes characterized by both exponentially decaying (non-scaling) autocorrelations and exponentially decaying probability distributions, there is a real paucity of literature appropriate for geophysical fields exhibiting either scaling over wide ranges (e. g. algebraic autocorrelations) or extreme fluctuations (e. g. algebraic probabilities, divergence of high order statistical moments). In fact, about the only relevant technique that is regularly used -fourier analysis (energy spectra) -permits only an estimate of a single (power law) exponent. If the fields were mono-fractal (characterized by a single fractal dimension) this would be sufficient, however their generally multifractal character calls for the development of new techniques
ISBN,Price9789400921474
Keyword(s)1. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2. EBOOK 3. EBOOK - SPRINGER 4. GEOPHYSICS 5. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 6. Geophysics/Geodesy 7. REMOTE SENSING 8. Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry
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54.     
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TitleGlacial Isostasy, Sea-Level and Mantle Rheology
Author(s)Sabadini, R;Lambeck, K;Boschi, E
PublicationDordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 1991.
DescriptionXIII, 708 p : online resource
Abstract Noteby K. Lambeck, R. Sabadini and E. B08Chi Viscosity is one of the important material properties of the Earth, controlling tectonic and dynamic processes such as mantle convection, isostasy, and glacial rebound. Yet it remains a poorly resolved parameter and basic questions such as whether the planet's response to loading is linear or non-linear, or what are its depth and lateral variations remain uncertain. Part of the answer to such questions lies in laboratory observations of the rheology of terrestrial materials. But the extrapolation of such measurements from the laboratory environment to the geological environment is a hazardous and vexing undertaking, for neither the time scales nor the strain rates characterizing the geological processes can be reproduced in the laboratory. General rules for this extrapolation are that if deformation is observed in the laboratory at a particular temperature, deformation in geological environments will occur at a much reduced temperature, and that if at laboratory strain rates a particular deformation mechanism dominates over all others, the relative importance of possible mechanisms may be quite different at the geologically encountered strain rates. Hence experimental results are little more than guidelines as to how the Earth may respond to forces on long time scales
ISBN,Price9789401133746
Keyword(s)1. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2. EBOOK 3. EBOOK - SPRINGER 4. GEOPHYSICS 5. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 6. Geophysics/Geodesy 7. Hydrogeology
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55.     
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TitleGeomagnetic Micropulsations
Author(s)Jacobs, J. A
PublicationBerlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1970.
DescriptionVIII, 179 p. 23 illus : online resource
Abstract NoteThe subject of geomagnetic micropulsations has developed extremely rapidly and it is difficult to know when is an appropriate time to pause and assess the sum total of our knowledge-both observational and theoretical. There has in recent years been a tremendous increase in both the quantity and quality of data and also many theoretical ad?? vances in our understanding of the phenomenon. Undoubtedly there will be further progress in both areas but it seems worthwhile now to review both our knowledge and our ignorance. This book was essen?? tially completed by the end of April 1969 and tries to give a summary of the subject up to that time. The Earth is enclosed in the magnetosphere, a hollow carved out of the solar wind by the Earth's magnetic field. Above the ionosphere there is a very tenuous thermal plasma of partially ionized hydrogen in diffusive equilibrium with magnetic and gravitational forces, and ener?? getic protons and electrons that constitute the trapped Van Allen ra?? diation belts. Throughout this anisotropic and inhomogeneous plasma, natural and man-made electromagnetic energy propagates in a wide variety of modes and frequency bands. This book is concerned with that class of natural signals called geomagnetic micropulsations-short period (usually of the order of seconds or minutes) fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field
ISBN,Price9783642868283
Keyword(s)1. EBOOK 2. EBOOK - SPRINGER 3. GEOPHYSICS 4. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 5. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
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56.     
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TitleElectrical Processes in Atmospheres : Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity held at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany), 2???7 September 1974
Author(s)Dolezalek, H;Reiter, R
PublicationHeidelberg, 1. Imprint: Steinkopff 2. Steinkopff, 1976.
DescriptionXVIII, 865 p : online resource
Abstract NoteThese Proceedings are published to give a full account of the Fifth International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity held in September 1974 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the Bavarian Alps in Germany. Traditionally, the Proceedings of these Conferences have served as reference books updating the textbooks and monographs on Atmospheric Electricity. As treated by these Conferences, Atmos?? pheric Electricity covers all aspects of this science, including the processes and problems which reach out into the Earth's environment as well as analogous processes on other planets and on the Moon. A history of these Conferences, an account of their purpose, and an outline of the scope and the preparation is to be found at the end of these Proceedings. There, also the Business Meetings of the involved organizations are mentioned. The Proceedings closely follow the original program and are accordingly organized into "Sessions". The papers printed in each "Session" in this book are the ones which were accepted for the sessions of the Conference with the same numbers and titles. Only the two "Special Sessions" have been given different numbers in the Proceedings, i.e. 2a and 10. In principle, all papers which were accepted by the Executive Panel either for full oral presentation or for printing in the Proceedings only, have in fact been included in these Proceedings, whether they were presented or not. In the latter case, a special note is made to explain the absence of a discussion
ISBN,Price9783642852947
Keyword(s)1. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2. EBOOK 3. EBOOK - SPRINGER 4. GEOPHYSICS 5. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 6. Geophysics/Geodesy
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57.     
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TitleDigital Seismology and Fine Modeling of the Lithosphere
Author(s)Cassinis, R
PublicationNew York, NY, Springer US, 1989.
DescriptionVIII, 424 p. 220 illus : online resource
ISBN,Price9781489967596
Keyword(s)1. EBOOK 2. EBOOK - SPRINGER 3. GEOPHYSICS 4. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 5. Geophysics/Geodesy
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58.     
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TitleThe Continental Permain in Central, West, and South Europe : Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, F.R.G., 23 September ??? 4 October, 1975
Author(s)Falke, H
PublicationDordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 1976.
Description364 p : online resource
Abstract NoteGeological research on the continental Permian in West Central and South Europe has been neglected in l l former days. Nevertheless, interest in it increased in the last twenty years and became important owing to the problems connected with continental sedimentation and also because of the important discoveries of oill gas and uranium deposits. Therefore, detailed inves?? l tigations in all countries where continental Permian appears have been made with the help of boreholes. These investigations included sedimentation basins in which the above-mentioned deposits are not expected. Consequently, the numerous results received in connec?? tion with still unanswered questions led to the idea to invite the specialists to a meeting. The first meeting was held in Pisa 1966 and a further one in 1 Vienna 1969. Both conferences exclusively dealed with the deposits of the Verrucano province, both in the Alps and Apennines. With respect to the importance of such meetings a further one was intended to be arranged in Mainz dealing with the whole continental Permian in West Central, and South Europe. With financial help l of the,NATO Scientific Affairs Division this meeting could be arranged as a NATO Advanced Study Institute
ISBN,Price9789401014618
Keyword(s)1. EBOOK 2. EBOOK - SPRINGER 3. GEOPHYSICS 4. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 5. Geophysics/Geodesy
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59.     
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TitleGeodetic Refraction : Effects of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Through the Atmosphere
Author(s)Brunner, F.K
PublicationBerlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1984.
DescriptionXII, 216 p : online resource
Abstract NoteWith very few exceptions, geodetic measurements use electro?? magnetic radiation in order to measure directions, distances, time delays, and Doppler frequency shifts, to name the main ter?? restrial and space observables. Depending on the wavelength of the radiation and the purpose of the measurements, the follow?? ing parameters of the electromagnetic wave are measured: ampli?? tude, phase, angle-of-arrival, polarisation and frequency. Ac?? curate corrections have to be applied to the measurements in order to take into account the effects of the intervening medium between transmitter and receiver. The known solutions use at?? mospheric models, special observation programs, remote sensing techniques and instrumental methods. It has been shown that the effects of the earth's atmospheric envelope present a fundamental limitation to the accuracy and precision of geodetic measurements. This applies equally to ter?? restrial and space applications. Instrumental accuracies are al?? ready below the atmospherically induced limitations, and thus the accuracy demands on the geodetic refraction solutions are entering a new magnitude zone. This monograph is primarily devoted to the properties of the at?? mospheric effects on various geodetic measurements and to their evaluation. Ten review papers cover the most pressing aspects of the atmospheric effects on geodetic measurement~. Ttiese state?? of-the art papers were written by eminent specialists in their respective research fields
ISBN,Price9783642455834
Keyword(s)1. AIR POLLUTION 2. Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution 3. EBOOK 4. EBOOK - SPRINGER 5. GEOPHYSICS 6. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 7. Geophysics/Geodesy
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60.    
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TitleOcean Resources : Volume I: Assessment and Utilisation
Author(s)Ardus, D.A;Champ, M.A
PublicationDordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 1990.
DescriptionXVI, 330 p : online resource
Abstract NoteToday western nations consume annually only a small percentage of their resources from the sea, despite the proclamation of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) by many. In contrast, most Pacific Basin Countries obtain more than a quarter of their annual needs from the ocean. Determination of greater rewards from the development of marine resources is markedly inhibited by the limited technical abilities available to locate and assess them. Knowledge of Exclusive Economic Zone resources is schematic and generalised, and a detailed understanding of the geology and processes relating to the economic use of the seafloor is both fragmentary and very basic. Technology for mapping the mineral resources of continental shelves and ocean areas, except in active offshore hydrocarbon provinces, has been largely developed in pursuit of scientific objectives and competence to rapidly appraise economic potential is limited. Similarly, the capability to characterise and evaluate the other resources of the seas is rudimentary. The development of ocean resources will become increasingly urgent as the growth of the world population and the depletion of land reserves combine to enhance demand. Also, increasing environmental constraints will limit the availability of traditional land-based resources; nevertheless, new offshore development must proceed in a manner whereby the marine environment is not plundered but protected and conserved. The challenge to develop ocean resources with responsible environmental stewardship will require greater leadership than the development of the technologies of exploitation
ISBN,Price9789400921313
Keyword(s)1. Aquatic ecology?? 2. EBOOK 3. EBOOK - SPRINGER 4. Freshwater & Marine Ecology 5. GEOPHYSICS 6. Geophysics and Environmental Physics 7. Hydrogeology 8. OCEANOGRAPHY
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